Tuesday, July 27, 2021

The Battle of Donauworth & Heidenheim - Part 4

 The Battle is Lost, Retreat towards the Danube

Turn 9

At the start of turn 9, the French morale is at 7 and the Austrian morale is at 1. The Austrians are in desperate need of reinforcements to boost morale and provide fresh brigades with which to fight the French.

Even with the arrival of Napoleon, the momentum of the French army seems to fluctuate across the battlefield. This causes issues all across the French army command, resulting in failure to launch a full scale coordinated attack that involves both the fresh reinforcements and the troops currently engaging the Austrians. Doing what they can, the French launch attacks hoping to finally break the Austrian morale. The tipping point comes when the 8th Chasseur Regiment is ordered to charge the Austrian III Corps 3rd Infantry Division. This charge is desperately needed to help the lone remaining brigade of the French II Corps 2nd Infantry division. The hard charging Chasseurs slam into the already unsteady #17 Grenzer Regiment shattering the regiment and forcing them to flee from the field handing victory to the French. This charge is not the last act in the battle, but it is the moment from which point the Austrians began to break from the engagement on mass as von Werneck tries to organize a withdraw of the remaining intact brigades of his command. His troops are going to have to fight their way out of this situation to get back across the bridges.

Figure 1 -The 8th Chasseurs Charge into the Austrian Infantry.

Figure 2 – The Breaking Point of the Austrian Army is Reached.

As word spreads of the general retreat of the Austrian army, Jellačić finds himself in a difficult situation as well. The French light cavalry is poised to attack his flank should he continue his withdrawal, the French III Corps 2nd Infantry Division is nearing the town of Donauworth, and there is still the matter of that fresh French infantry division (or so Jellačić believes). Jellačić knows he will have to fight his way out of this situation.

Figure 3 – The Austrian Withdrawal is Contested.

Figure 4 – Massing French Light Cavalry Looking for a Breakthrough to the Bridges.

Small side note, the Artillery of the French II Corps arrived on the field just as the Austrian army morale broke.

Battle Results and the Developing Rear Guard Actions

This ends the first part of the battle of Donauworth & Heidenheim, but this does not end the battle. So far, the French have managed to earn a minor success due to their breaking of the Austrian army morale, but both sides are still very much in an engaged position. This will result in two rear-guard actions (one at Donauworth and the other at Heidenheim) as the Austrian corps commanders attempt to withdraw as much of their forces as possible. These battles will be fought using the General d’Armee rules sets with 28mm figures. The results of these two rear guard actions will affect the final outcome of the battle, possibly swinging the results more in the French favor or more towards an inconclusive battle.

I say this because the breaking of the Austrian army morale does not necessarily reflect the actual combat losses of this battle. I will show the exact breakdown of losses in the battle reports for the rear-guard actions, but as of now the French have had 1 cavalry brigade and 3 infantry brigades break as opposed to 3 brigades of infantry and 2 units of artillery broken for the Austrians. Additional losses will occur in the next two games as well.

When this all finally reverts back to the campaign side of the game, both sides will have a chance to try and rally their broken units, as I consider battlefield losses to be a combination of those killed in action, wounded in action, dispersed or separated from their units, and otherwise occupied doing things like helping the wounded off the field. Units that were badly wounded (lost Èlan) will also be able to recover some of their combat effectiveness due to similar reasons. Units that were fatigued due to marches and then lost Èlan in battle, will not be able to recover from that fatigue as it would now be considered a permanent loss. I will discuss the battle aftermath and the recovery process in more detail when the game returns to the campaign map.

Further interesting complications and considerations for the upcoming rear-guard actions.

Jellačić still has a relatively effective fighting force. His 2nd Infantry Division is very fresh, and he has fresh brigades in both his 1st Infantry Division and Cavalry Division. Davout on the other hand has the worn-out 2nd Infantry Division and a light cavalry division with which he needs to try and contest the Austrians retreat across the Danube River. Davout’s newly arrived 1st Infantry Division has been ordered to march towards Heidenheim to deal with a possibility of General Mack arriving from Ulm, but due to the vagaries of war, this division has not started moving yet (Some aid probably got lost, distracted, or killed by a stray shot). Which means that Davout may try and peel off some brigades (or the whole division) of infantry to support his continued attack on the Austrians. Davout also still has his corps artillery heading for the field, so they could play a role in the coming rear-guard game as well.


Figure 5 - Rear-Guard at Donauworth

Down towards Heidenheim the fight is going to be just as interesting. General Mack has not had time to receive word of the breaking of the Austrian army around Donauworth & Heidenheim, which means that he is still on the march with three fresh divisions from the Austrian III Corps (2 infantry and 1 cavalry). Therefore, General Mack could arrive in the middle of von Werneck’s retreat to either offer aid or to offer further battle to the French army.

Von Werneck is in worse situation that Jellačić, as von Werneck fought far harder to try and hold his position (thinking General Mack would arrive) and has all but exhausted his 4th Infantry Division. His 3rd Division is engaged with the French and is being flanked by French light cavalry. As well as the fact that there is the very real possibility that the French Cavalry Reserve will do a great deal of damage to what remains of von Werneck’s troops as they try to disengage. Which would be the prime role of such a power division of Cuirassiers.

The direction of retreat for von Werneck is also still in question. The road to Ulm is still open, but the viability of his 3rd infantry division being able to disengage and march that far is very slim. Which may lead von Werneck to resort to retreat across the Danube River. Which will have the downside of isolating him from the troops with General Mack.

The French army around Heidenheim should be able to meet any fresh Austrian troops since the rest of Marmont’s II Corps has arrived and the Cavalry Reserve has not been engaged in any fighting. However, some of the ultimate success of meeting a fresh attack from General Mack may depend on the arrival of Davout’s III Corps 1st Infantry Division which Napoleon is expecting to march to his location.

This all means that a lot of what happens in the next two games is going to come down to a lot of dice rolls for reinforcements on both sides.

Figure 6 - Rear-Guard at Heidenheim


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